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VISION/VASC Webinar Series: Into the Light Index

    We are pleased to announce our next webinar for the VISION and Violence & Society Centre (VASC) Webinar Series on Tuesday, 21 January, 1100 – 1150.

    Deborah Fry, Director of Data at Childlight – Global Child Safety Institute and Professor of International Child Protection Research at University of Edinburgh, will present on the Into the Light Index, published last year on the prevalence of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse. She will also discuss some of the measurement challenges in this field and how they are documenting and exploring those challenges.

    Professor Fry undertakes primary research to measure the magnitude, drivers and consequences of violence against children, barriers and enablers to appropriate prevention and response systems including in school settings and the effectiveness of existing interventions.

    She leads the data division at Childlight – Global Child Safety Institute. The Data Institute, funded by the Human Dignity Foundation, aims to take a data driven, evidence-based approach to understanding the prevalence of child sexual exploitation and abuse across the globe and translating that data into sustainable action that safeguards children. The mission is to establish a world leading independent institute that gathers, translates and visualises the prevalence of child sexual exploitation and abuse across the world.  

    To register for the event in order to receive the Teams invitation, please contact: VISION_Management_Team@city.ac.uk

    The purpose of the VISION/VASC webinar series is to provide a platform for academia, government and the voluntary and community sector that work to reduce and prevent violence to present their work / research to a wider audience. This is a multidisciplinary platform and we welcome speakers from across a variety of fields such as health, crime, policing, ethnicity, migration, sociology, social work, primary care, front line services, etc. If interested in presenting at a future Series webinar, please contact: VISION_Management_Team@city.ac.uk

    This webinar series is sponsored by the UK Prevention and Research Partnership consortium, Violence, Health and Society (VISION; MR-V049879) and the Violence and Society Centre at City St George’s, University of London.

    Discovering the Potential of Large Language Models in Social Science Research: Takeaways from an Oxford Workshop

      By Dr Maddy Janickyj, Research Fellow in Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the Violence, Health, and Society (VISION) Consortium, University College London

      As a data-focused VISION researcher with a PhD specialising in Natural Language Processing (NLP; see our previous blog for more about this), I initially avoided ChatGPT and similar tools. ChatGPT, a type of Large Language Model (LLM) developed by OpenAI, offers capabilities like summarising information, translating text, and even coding.

      While ChatGPT is potentially the most well-known example of a LLM, similar models are integrated into many everyday tools. For instance, LLMs are the underlying technology in many customer service chatbots, virtual assistants like Alexa, and writing tools such as Grammarly. These LLMs are trained on large sets of data with the intention of getting them to understand (and in some cases generate) language. The models draw on this training to complete various tasks and are finetuned to work for specific domains. Their breadth of abilities and the many open-source models that have been developed make them the perfect methodological tool for researchers in both computer science and the social sciences. For clarity, an open-source LLM is one whose code and architecture are publicly available.

      To further understand how LLMs are being used by researchers and to consider how the tools would integrate with and support violence-related research, I – a mathematician turned computational social scientist – attended the Oxford LLMs workshop. The event, held at Oxford’s Nuffield College, aimed to bring early-career scholars up to speed with the technical foundations, real-world applications, and research potential of LLMs. Throughout the week, I met with PhD/Masters students and other Post-doctoral researchers interested in using LLMs to evaluate anything from economic, linguistic, and political issues, for example.

      Understanding LLMs: Lectures and Industry Insights

      The first few days provided foundational lectures and talks, showcasing the technical underpinnings and application of LLMs. One of the big draws was the calibre of speakers. We heard from industry experts working at well-known companies such as Meta, Ori , Qdrant, Wayfair, Intento, Arize AI, and Google.  

      We then started our deep dive into LLMs, including how they are trained and evaluated. We heard about the numerous ways you can fine-tune LLMs, a step which occurs after general pre-training and tailors a model to meet domain/task-specific needs. Fine-tuning methods such as Continued Pre-training, Supervised Fine-tuning, and Preference Tuning were highlighted. Each technique offers different ways of adapting LLMs to specialised domains without needing to re-train them from scratch, saving computational resources.

      We also covered common challenges associated with finetuning models. One of these is “catastrophic forgetting,” where a model’s performance declines in one area when it’s fine-tuned on another. For example, if a model is adjusted to improve name recognition, it may inadvertently lose accuracy in identifying locations. This side effect is something I encountered when finetuning other NLP models during my PhD and illustrates the balance required when refining LLMs.

      Applying LLMs: Collaborative Research Projects

      In the latter half of the week, workshop attendees collaborated on research projects, exploring LLM applications across social science realms. This was a hands-on opportunity to test LLM methodologies discussed earlier and apply them to real-world social science challenges.

      Leading up to the workshop we had the chance to review the proposed project briefs, gather literature showcasing how LLMs are used in our respective disciplines, and finally rank the four projects according to our own skillsets and research interests. One of the projects we decided to tackle as a group focused on developing an LLM purely for social science research. LLMs are considered to have some form of bias, for example against certain demographic groups, and with this ongoing project, we wanted to create a fair, unbiased, and open-source LLM suited to the social sciences.

      In another project, we examined gender bias in academia. For this, we used Google’s Gemini to classify the gender of authors in academic syllabi. By experimenting with prompts, we measured how well the LLM could assess gender trends in syllabus authorship. Using tools like Google Colab, we collaboratively coded and refined our approach, leveraging Gemini’s capabilities to highlight gender disparities effectively. In some cases, we found the model to correctly classify 100% of the authors’ genders. This project underscored both the potential and the limitations of LLMs in accurately capturing nuanced social issues.

      Appreciating the Potential: Be Cautious

      Overall, the Oxford workshop demonstrated how LLMs can be powerful tools in social science research including violence-related research such as what we do at VISION, provided they are tailored to specific domain needs and applied with caution. Hearing directly from researchers and industry professionals offered invaluable guidance on both leveraging and responsibly implementing LLMs. Its also important to consider the data you are utilizing and the outputs you are expecting. In my current area (which focuses on technology-facilitated abuse), an increasing number of researchers are using sensitive data and the outcomes of such research can impact the lives of real individuals. Thus, for anyone in the social sciences looking to integrate cutting-edge NLP methods, understanding the complexities behind these models and their applications is essential. I encourage readers to look at the work being done currently by the workshop participants, and to keep an eye out for later outputs of the workshop!

      For further information, please contact Maddy at m.janickyj@ucl.ac.uk

      United to End Violence Against Women and Girls: An Online Animated Campaign  

        Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a pressing issue in Iran, a Middle Eastern country marked by its patriarchal structure and systematic and pervasive gender discrimination. Educational programmes addressing this issue are scarce, and cultural barriers often hinder open discussion. The United to End Violence Against Women and Girls campaign aims to break this silence through a series of animated videos and images designed to inform public discourse and to empower victims to seek support.

         The United to End Violence Against Women and Girls project was led by VISION researchers Ladan Hashemi and Sally McManus, in collaboration with colleagues from other UK universities including the University of Bristol, Goldsmiths University, Animation Research Centre at the University for the Creative Arts, and Leeds Beckett University. 

        They worked with an animation production team in Iran, a social media advisor, and two advisory groups. The advisory groups were Mehre Shams Afarid, an Iran-based non-governmental organisation (NGO), and IKWRO, a London-based charity providing services to women victims of violence from the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region—to incorporate culturally specific insights.

        Although the project initially focused on Iran, engaging with the UK-based NGO revealed an interest in extending its reach. As a result, English subtitles were added to make the animations accessible to a wider audience. This collaboration helped the content resonate with audiences both in Iran and within the global diaspora community, particularly those from the MENA region.

        The animations are grounded in evidence from a survey of 453 women in Iran, which explored the manifestation of various forms of VAWG in Iran and women’s perspectives on how to eliminate it. The survey was designed by Fatima Babakhani, CEO of Mehre Shams Afarid.

        Key findings from participants’ open-ended responses to the survey showed that, despite structural inequalities and deeply ingrained societal, cultural, and religious norms that perpetuate VAWG, change is possible through education and legal reforms.

        As one survey participant noted: “Unfortunately, many still don’t understand what violence truly is. Raising awareness is the solution.”

        The first four United to End Violence Against Women and Girls campaign animations focus on coercive control, economic abuse, technology-facilitated abuse, and active bystander interventions, with two more animations in development.

        With guidance from an Iranian social media advisor, a digital strategy was developed to maximise the campaign’s impact. Instagram was chosen as the primary distribution platform, as it is the most widely used social media platform in Iran, with over 47 million users. The animations are also shared on YouTube to further extend the campaign’s reach.

        Influencers and women’s rights activists with followings from thousands to millions were partnered with to amplify the campaign’s reach. The online campaign officially launched 25th November, on the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women and Girls.

        By leveraging evidence-based content and strategic partnerships, we hope to spark meaningful conversations and drive change across Iran and the diaspora communities from the MENA region.

        Join us in raising awareness and advocating for change. Please follow and share the campaign links on your social media to help spread the message.

        Link to Instagram page

        Link to YouTube channel

        This project was funded by City St George’s, University of London Higher Education Impact Fund (HEIF) Knowledge Exchange and by the UKPRP VISION research consortium.

        For further information, please contact Ladan at ladan.hashemi@city.ac.uk

        Domestic abuse in cancer care: Improving the identification and support

          Although few studies have explored people’s experiences of domestic abuse and cancer, we know the two co-occur. The few studies we do have show that cancer can trigger an escalation of abuse. But there are no published domestic abuse interventions in the cancer setting.

          In an attempt to plug that gap, Sandi Dheensa, University of Bristol researcher, and colleagues, including VISION Deputy Director Estela Capelas Barbosa, have conducted a service evaluation on a domestic abuse intervention for hospital-based cancer professionals. Their study, Identifying and responding to domestic abuse in cancer care: a mixed methods service evaluation of a training and support intervention – European Journal of Oncology Nursing, is the first to evaluate a DA training (and support) intervention for cancer professionals in England.

          The key findings demonstrate that cancer and DA frequently co-occur, and that training and support intervention of hospital-based cancer staff increased the rate of DA identifications. There is an appetite for DA and cancer training amongst hospital-based cancer staff.

          The evaluation contributes further evidence of the benefit of hospital-based domestic abuse coordinator roles and contributes new evidence for the feasibility of adapting the role for a specific context.

          To read the article or download the paper free of charge:

          Identifying and responding to domestic abuse in cancer care: a mixed methods service evaluation of a training and support intervention – European Journal of Oncology Nursing

          To cite:

          Identifying and responding to domestic abuse in cancer care: a mixed methods service evaluation of a training and support intervention. Dheensa, Sandi et al. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, Volume 0, Issue 0, 102724

          Or for further information, please contact Sandi at sandi.dheensa@bristol.ac.uk

          Photograph from Adobe Photo Stock subscription

          VAWG data dashboard consultation highlights usefulness of tool

            The UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) developed a prototype violence against women and girls (VAWG) data dashboard in 2022. The webpages presented statistics and charts on violence against women and girls in England and Wales, drawing on multiple sources. However, due to reprioritisation at ONS, maintenance of the dashboard stopped and as of April 2024 it was no longer accessible.

            VISION developed a consultation to ascertain the usefulness of a VAWG data dashboard as a result. The call was open from March to May 2024, and 102 responses were received. Most participants responded in their capacity as individuals (n=61), although 25 stated that they were responding on behalf of an organisation and four on behalf of a group. Some participants both responded as an individual and on behalf of an organisation or group.

            Consultation participants responded as people from across a variety of roles and sectors. The
            most commonly cited were working in research or education (n=40) and in policy or planning
            (n=28), 27 people responded as someone with lived experience and 13 as members of the
            public. The remainder comprised those in service provision (n=17), a campaign role (n=10) or
            some other capacity (8).

            Consultation results

            Many participants had heard of the data dashboard before the VISION consultation (n=51), although 28 reported that they had not. Of those who had heard of the dashboard before, most had made use of it (n=39).

            Most participants reported that having a dashboard that brought together data on violence
            and abuse would help them either ‘somewhat’ (n=12) or ‘a lot’ (n=39).

            Participants were asked what they found to be useful about the data dashboard:

            • Data discovery
            • Finding data and finding it faster
            • Breakdowns and local profiles
            • Comparisons
            • Authoritative context
            • Source material

            Participants were asked for their thoughts on the limitations or what was missing from the dashboard:

            • Wider coverage in relation to topics (health, disability, suicide, law, family courts, policy), types of violence and abuse (homicide, forced marriage, sexual violence), and particular groups (men, perpetrators)
            • Deeper context in terms of much more nuanced contextual discussion of what the data means, ‘data without context is misleading’
            • Critical interrogation such as the highlight of methodological limitations
            • Interactive functionality with more scope for further breakdowns by local authority areas and police forces for example
            • Improved search function
            • Positive action such as a ‘section about work being done to support victims/reduce cases’
            • Human stories meaning to go beyond numbers and to tell the human stories that underpin them

            Recommendations

            Through this consultation, approximately 100 people told VISION that a VAWG data dashboard is
            something that they valued having and wish to have again. These included people with lived
            experience of violence and abuse, people working in health, justice, specialist and other
            services, researchers and academics across disciplines, and members of the wider public.

            A violence and abuse data dashboard is needed because it has:

            • Symbolic value: indicating that violence against women and girls matters to the
              Government, and
            • Practical value: as a functional and easy to use tool facilitating access to high
              quality data spanning a range of types of violence, groups, areas and years.

            In April 2024, ONS’ prototype VAWG data dashboard was withdrawn due to reprioritisation of
            resources within that organisation. Since then, a new Government has come into office with a
            stated mission to halve violence against women and girls within the decade. How progress towards this commitment is monitored will be essential to its success. General population health and crime surveys, alongside other data sources, will be key and that includes a revitalised, fit for purpose VAWG data dashboard. To instill trust and collective investment in this goal, a public platform for transparent monitoring is needed and the dashboard could be an effective, useful tool.

            Next steps

            VISION is a cross-sectoral consortium of academics and government and service partners
            working with UK data on violence and abuse. We are aware that further development and relaunching of a data dashboard will require a collaborative effort from relevant departments of
            state, data providers (not least ONS) and external funding. Drawing on our work in this area
            we aim to coordinate this effort, with three initial objectives:

            • Resource: Identify partners and funding source(s)
            • Define: Agree clear definitions to best capture and monitor subgroup and temporal
              trends in VAWG and violent crime in the population
            • Design and test a revised violence and abuse data dashboard with people from
              across sectors

            To download the report:

            Consultation: Is there a need for a Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) data dashboard

            Or for further information, please contact Sally at sally.mcmanus@city.ac.uk

            Photo licensed by Adobe Stock online images

            Prior homelessness and associations with health and violent victimisation

              By Dr Natasha Chilman, Research Associate, UKRI Population Health Improvement (PHI-UK), Population Mental Health Consortium, Kings College London

              In the United Kingdom, we have the highest rate of homelessness compared to other high-income countries. For many people homelessness is a temporary, although often very impactful, experience in their lives. However, there is a paucity of research and data looking at people who are formerly homeless and living in private households (i.e., rented or owned accommodation).

              This blog describes a new study which fills this gap, conducted by Dr Natasha Chilman from King’s College London and colleagues, including Professor Sally McManus from VISION.

              The study authors analysed data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys, which is a nationally representative survey of adults living in private households in 2007 and 2014. Out of 13,859 people, 535 people reported previous experience of homelessness.

              Some of the key findings of the study were:

              • A staggering 40% of people who formerly experienced homelessness had experienced violence in their homes at some point in their lives, compared to 7% of people who had never been homeless.
              • A quarter (24%) of people who formerly experienced homelessness reported experience of sexual abuse, compared to less than 5% of people who had never experienced homelessness.
              • Almost half (45%) of the formerly homeless group were currently experiencing depression or anxiety, compared to just 15% of people who had never experienced homelessness. People who formerly experienced homelessness were also experiencing more severe symptoms of these common mental disorders.
              • There were strong associations between former homelessness and health conditions, across common mental disorders, physical health conditions, alcohol/substance dependence, and multimorbidities. These associations persisted even after adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including indicators of socio-economic position and smoking.
              • Adjusting for adverse experiences including violence and abuse attenuated associations between former homelessness and alcohol/substance dependence related health outcomes, but not mental/physical health.

              The findings from this study highlight the urgent need for long-term integrated healthcare support for people who are formerly homeless to continue after they have secured private housing. There were severe inequalities in experiences of violence and sexual abuse for people who have experienced homelessness, underscoring the importance of both violence and homelessness prevention, and of trauma-informed approaches to support.

              To read the article or download the paper free of charge:

              The public health significance of prior homelessness: findings on multimorbidity and mental health from a nationally representative survey | Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences | Cambridge Core

              To cite:

              Chilman N, Schofield P, McManus S, Ronaldson A, Stagg A, Das-Munshi J. The public health significance of prior homelessness: findings on multimorbidity and mental health from a nationally representative survey. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2024;33:e63. doi:10.1017/S2045796024000659

              Or for further information, please contact Natasha at natasha.chilman@kcl.ac.uk

              Empowering voices against ‘honour’-based abuse: A call to action

                There is an urgent need for specialist support for Middle Eastern, North African (MENA) and Afghan women and girls living in the UK, with many facing the particular risk of ‘honour’-based abuse (HBA).  On 18 October, the women’s rights organisation IKWRO held the impactful “Celebrating Courage: Empowering Voices Against Honour-Based Abuse” conference. It was hosted at City St George’s and proudly supported by the Violence and Society Centre (VASC) and VISION consortium.

                The powerful event featured art, presentations, panels, film, and spoken word performances that shed light on the often-overlooked experiences of ‘honour’-based abuse (HBA) and the urgent need for education and prevention.

                HBA disproportionately affects women and girls, it frequently goes unrecognised and is often conflated with domestic violence. Through this event, IKWRO, VASC and VISION aimed to illuminate the unique aspects of HBA and foster a deeper understanding of its implications.

                A diverse group of speakers, including survivors, advocates, lawyers, and researchers, shared their insights and experiences. This included powerful testimonies from victims/survivors, bravely recounting their experiences of HBA. Their voices resonated throughout the room, creating a sense of solidarity and support, while also providing a safe space for discussion.

                Over 100 people attended. A conference highlight was the strong presence of representatives from police and central government. Their attendance demonstrated a commitment to addressing HBA and offered them and other attendees a unique opportunity to engage directly with key figures at the forefront of the fight against HBA.

                One salient moment during the conference occurred when VISION researcher Dr Ladan Hashemi, during the discussion with the police officers regarding enhancements to law enforcement responses, emphasised that “violence constitutes violence, and abuse constitutes abuse, regardless of an individual’s identity or background. It is essential for law enforcement agencies to acknowledge their obligation to prevent and mitigate HBA in the United Kingdom”.

                The event also featured innovative approaches to communicating the issue of violence through art and spoken word. These forms of expression not only captivated the audience but also fostered a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding HBA. By bringing art into a conference setting, IKWRO, VASC and VISION wanted to highlight the positive impact of creative communication, showcasing the experiences of survivors and the urgent need for change.

                In honour of the International Day of the Girl Child, this event was an important step toward raising awareness about HBA and the specific challenges faced by women and girls in the UK to police, government, specialist services, academic researchers and the general public.  A world free of abuse and violence requires the prevention of HBA, and for IKWRO that starts in their home base of London.

                Key to the event was the organisation and support of VISION’s Knowledge Exchange Manager, Kimberly Cullen, and Dr Hashemi. IKWRO, VISION, and VACS will continue to work collaboratively to elevate the voices of survivors and advocate for meaningful change in the fight against ‘honour’-based abuse.

                Photo caption: IKWRO and VISION. Photograph supplied by IKWRO.

                How much violence is there?

                  This VISION Policy Brief proposes improvements to the definitions and measurement of violence using the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), in order to more fully capture different aspects of violent crime, including violence against women and girls (VAWG). The briefing is aimed at researchers, national statistics offices, and others involved in violence research and policy. It draws on a paper recently published in The British Journal of Criminology, Definition and measurement of violence in the Crime Survey for England and Wales.

                  Key findings:

                  • The current definition of violent crime excludes key types: The Office for National Statistics (ONS) headline measure of ‘violent crime’ currently excludes sexual violence, robberies, threats of violence, and many incidents of violence where criminal damage was also involved.
                  • A broader definition would better capture scale, harm and inequalities: We use a broader measure of violence that includes these currently excluded forms of violence. This broader measure not only reveals a higher prevalence of victimisation in the population as a whole, it also reveals hidden inequalities. Women are more likely than men to experience sexual violence and threats of violence: excluding these from current estimates leads to rates of violence in women, especially domestic violence, being underestimated. The proportion of people physically and emotionally harmed by violence is also better estimated using this broader definition, particularly affecting estimates for women.

                  Recommendation for change:

                  • National statistics on violence in England and Wales should show violence estimates using a broader definition of violence alongside violent crime statistics to give a more comprehensive overview of violence and its societal impact.

                  To download the policy briefing, please see below. To download the paper upon which the policy recommendation is based, please see: Definition and Measurement of Violence in the Crime Survey for England and Wales: Implications for the Amount and Gendering of Violence | The British Journal of Criminology | Oxford Academic

                  The citation for the paper: Davies, E., Obolenskaya, P., Francis, B., Blom, N., Phoenix, J., Pullerits, M., and Walby, S. (2024), Definition and Measurement of Violence in the Crime Survey for England and Wales: Implications for the Amount and Gendering of Violence, The British Journal of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azae050

                  VISION Policy Briefing for downloading:

                  Violence Measurement_VISION Policy BriefingDownload

                  Violence in the workplace in the United Kingdom

                    Our latest research examines two nationally representative datasets, The Commercial Victimisation Survey (CVS) and the UK Household Panel Survey (UKHLS), to examine variance in the prevalence of workplace violence by industrial sector and occupational group.

                    The authors, Dr Vanessa Gash and Dr Niels Blom, found 28% of commercial businesses reported criminal victimisation on their premises in the past year, including 8% reporting violent victimisation (namely assaults, robberies, and threats).

                    Using individual-level data, the report also found 8% of employees had been threatened, insulted or physically attacked at work in the past year, and a similar percentage have felt unsafe at work, with public sector workers most at risk.

                    The authors call for enhanced recognition of the problem of workplace violence for a significant proportion of workers in multiple different sectors, alongside improved policies to minimise workplace violence going forward.

                    Figure 1. Prevalence of Violence and Fear of Violence in the Workplace by Sector, UKHLS data 2020-2021, weighted estimates

                    The report can be downloaded here: VISION Policy Report – Violence in the workplace in the UK: Business and individual-level exposure

                    Acknowledgements:

                    The report benefited from input and insights from the Home Office, who provided us with access to the Commercial Victimisation Survey used here.

                    Photograph licensed by Adobe Stock

                    Report launch: A transformative justice framework to address adolescent relationship abuse

                      This event is in the past.

                      Despite a general awareness of the prevalence of harm young people are experiencing in their relationships, there is little data and evidence supporting the prevention of and responses to such harm through the adoption of a survivor centred transformative justice approach.

                      Talia Kensit, founder and former CEO of Youth Realities, explored adolescent domestic abuse as a Fellow with the Churchill Fellowship, a UK charity which supports individual UK citizens to follow their passion for change, through learning from the world and bringing that knowledge back to the UK.

                      Her travels and research resulted in Prevention, Intervention and Healing: Addressing Adolescent Relationship Abuse, a framework of best practice upheld by the theory of transformative justice. It is Talia’s recommendation that in order to address the epidemic of harm experienced by young people in their intimate relationships, we must implement polices and practice through prevention, intervention and healing.

                      The Violence & Society Centre at City St George’s, UoL, and the UK Prevention Research Partnership VISION consortium are pleased to host Talia’s Churchill report launch on Wednesday 6 November from 4 – 6 pm at City St George’s, UoL, Clerkenwell campus.

                      Talia will also be joined by:

                      •  Ruth Weir, City St George’s, UoL, Taking a collaborative approach to understanding more about abuse in teenage relationships
                      • Christine Barter, University of Central Lancashire, Qualitative findings looking at the nature and impact of IPVA in young people’s relationships
                      • Jeff Temple, University of Texas, Dating violence prevention program: implementation and effectiveness

                      Seating, drinks and nibbles will be provided.

                      To register for the event: Select tickets – Report launch: A transformative justice framework to address adolescent relationship abuse – City St George’s , University of London, Clerkenwell campus (tickettailor.com)

                      For questions about the event: violenceandsociety@city.ac.uk

                      All those registering will receive an email by 30 October from the Violence and Society Centre with the room and building number where the launch will be held on our Clerkenwell campus.